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whatsoever, he bade the learner assess the value of the knowledge, and
accepted the amount so fixed. But in such matters some men approve of the
saying âlet a man have his fixed rewardâ. Those who get the money first and
then do none of the things they said they would, owing to the extravagance of
their promises, naturally find themselves the objects of complaint; for they do
not fulfil what they agreed to. The sophists are perhaps compelled to do this
because no one would give money for the things they do know. These people
then, if they do not do what they have been paid for, are naturally made the
objects of complaint.
But where there is no contract of service, those who give up something for
the sake of the other party cannot (as we have said) be complained of (for that
is the nature of the friendship of virtue), and the return to them must be made
on the basis of their purpose (for it is purpose that is the characteristic thing in
a friend and in virtue). And so too, it seems, should one make a return to those
with whom one has studied philosophy; for their worth cannot be measured
against money, and they can get no honour which will balance their services,
but still it is perhaps enough, as it is with the gods and with oneâs parents, to
give them what one can.
If the gift was not of this sort, but was made with a view to a return, it is no
doubt preferable that the return made should be one that seems fair to both
parties, but if this cannot be achieved, it would seem not only necessary that
the person who gets the first service should fix the reward, but also just; for if
the other gets in return the equivalent of the advantage the beneficiary has
received, or the price lie would have paid for the pleasure, he will have got
what is fair as from the other.
We see this happening too with things put up for sale, and in some places
there are laws providing that no actions shall arise out of voluntary contracts,
on the assumption that one should settle with a person to whom one has given
credit, in the spirit in which one bargained with him. The law holds that it is
more just that the person to whom credit was given should fix the terms than
that the person who gave credit should do so. For most things are not assessed
at the same value by those who have them and those who want them; each
class values highly what is its own and what it is offering; yet the return is
made on the terms fixed by the receiver. But no doubt the receiver should
assess a thing not at what it seems worth when he has it, but at what he
assessed it at before he had it.
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1891
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156