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intelligent anticipation; or those which we follow well enough to see the point
of them as soon as the last word has been uttered.
24
Besides genuine syllogisms, there may be syllogisms that look genuine but
are not; and since an enthymeme is merely a syllogism of a particular kind, it
follows that, besides genuine enthymemes, there may be those that look
genuine but are not.
1. Among the lines of argument that form the Spurious Enthymeme the first
is that which arises from the particular words employed.
(a) One variety of this is when-as in dialectic, without having gone through
any reasoning process, we make a final statement as if it were the conclusion
of such a process, ‘Therefore so-and-so is not true’, ‘Therefore also so-and-so
must be true’-so too in rhetoric a compact and antithetical utterance passes for
an enthymeme, such language being the proper province of enthymeme, so
that it is seemingly the form of wording here that causes the illusion
mentioned. In order to produce the effect of genuine reasoning by our form of
wording it is useful to summarize the results of a number of previous
reasonings: as ‘some he saved-others he avenged-the Greeks he freed’. Each
of these statements has been previously proved from other facts; but the mere
collocation of them gives the impression of establishing some fresh
conclusion.
(b) Another variety is based on the use of similar words for different things;
e.g. the argument that the mouse must be a noble creature, since it gives its
name to the most august of all religious rites-for such the Mysteries are. Or
one may introduce, into a eulogy of the dog, the dog-star; or Pan, because
Pindar said:
O thou blessed one!
Thou whom they of Olympus call
The hound of manifold shape
That follows the Mother of Heaven:
or we may argue that, because there is much disgrace in there not being a
dog about, there is honour in being a dog. Or that Hermes is readier than any
other god to go shares, since we never say ‘shares all round’ except of him. Or
that speech is a very excellent thing, since good men are not said to be worth
money but to be worthy of esteem-the phrase ‘worthy of esteem’ also having
the meaning of ‘worth speech’.
2254
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book The Complete Aristotle"
The Complete Aristotle
- Title
- The Complete Aristotle
- Author
- Aristotle
- Date
- ~322 B.C.
- Language
- English
- License
- PD
- Size
- 21.0 x 29.7 cm
- Pages
- 2328
- Keywords
- Philosophy, Antique, Philosophie, Antike, Dialogues, Metaphysik, Metaphysics, Ideologie, Ideology, Englisch
- Categories
- Geisteswissenschaften
- International
Table of contents
- Part 1; Logic (Organon) 3
- Categories 4
- On Interpretation 34
- Prior Analytics, Book I 56
- Prior Analytics, Book II 113
- Posterior Analytics, Book I 149
- Posterior Analytics, Book II 193
- Topics, Book I 218
- Topics, Book II 221
- Topics, Book III 237
- Topics, Book IV 248
- Topics, Book V 266
- Topics, Book VI 291
- Topics, Book VII 317
- Topics, Book VIII 326
- On Sophistical Refutations 348
- Part 2; Universal Physics 396
- Physics, Book I 397
- Physics, Book II 415
- Physics, Book III 432
- Physics, Book IV 449
- Physics, Book V 481
- Physics, Book VI 496
- Physics, Book VII 519
- Physics, Book VIII 533
- On the Heavens, Book I 570
- On the Heavens, Book II 599
- On the Heavens, Book III 624
- On the Heavens, Book IV 640
- On Generation and Corruption, Book I 651
- On Generation and Corruption, Book II 685
- Meteorology, Book I 707
- Meteorology, Book II 733
- Meteorology, Book III 760
- Meteorology, Book IV 773
- Part 3; Human Physics 795
- On the Soul, Book I 796
- On the Soul, Book II 815
- On the Soul, Book III 840
- On Sense and the Sensible 861
- On Memory and Reminiscence 889
- On Sleep and Sleeplessness 899
- On Dreams 909
- On Prophesying by Dreams 918
- On Longevity and the Shortness of Life 923
- On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 929
- Part 4; Animal Physics 952
- The History of Animals, Book I 953
- The History of Animals, Book II translated 977
- The History of Animals, Book III 1000
- The History of Animals, Book IV 1029
- The History of Animals, Book V 1056
- The History of Animals, Book VI 1094
- The History of Animals, Book VII 1135
- The History of Animals, Book VIII 1150
- The History of Animals, Book IX 1186
- On the Parts of Animals, Book I 1234
- On the Parts of Animals, Book II 1249
- On the Parts of Animals, Book III 1281
- On the Parts of Animals, Book IV 1311
- On the Motion of Animals 1351
- On the Gait of Animals 1363
- On the Generation of Animals, Book I 1381
- On the Generation of Animals, Book II 1412
- On the Generation of Animals, Book III 1444
- On the Generation of Animals, Book IV 1469
- On the Generation of Animals, Book V 1496
- Part 5; Metaphysics 1516
- Part 6; Ethics and Politics 1748
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book I 1749
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book II 1766
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book III 1779
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IV 1799
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book V 1817
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VI 1836
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VII 1851
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII 1872
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX 1890
- Nicomachean Ethics, Book X 1907
- Politics, Book I 1925
- Politics, Book II 1943
- Politics, Book III 1970
- Politics, Book IV 1997
- Politics, Book V 2023
- Politics, Book VI 2053
- Politics, Book VII 2065
- Politics, Book VIII 2091
- The Athenian Constitution 2102
- Part 7; Aesthetic Writings 2156