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July 25, 1914 was a terribly hot day.’ This is how Baron Wladimir von Giesl, the
last Imperial and Royal envoy in Belgrade, began his portrayal of his departure
from this city.258 Following the handover of the démarche containing the ultimatum
he had arranged for two variations of his personal reaction to the Serbian response to
be sketched out. One of them was for an unconditional acceptance and the other was
for a conditional acceptance, in which case it was irrelevant whether the démarche was
accepted only in parts or almost in its entirety. His unequivocal instructions stipulated
an ‘unconditional acceptance’.
During the day on 25 July, at Giesl’s behest no member of the delegation was per-
mitted to leave the building. Events then proceeded at a breakneck pace. Following
the visit of the Serbian prime minister to the Imperial and Royal delegation and the
handover of the response note, diplomatic relations were regarded as discontinued. A
quarter of an hour later, Giesl was already on his way to the railway station with the
members of the delegation. He heard calls of abuse in the streets. At the station, all ac-
credited diplomatic representatives in Belgrade were gathered together ; only the Rus-
sian representative was missing. A Serbian officer called : ‘Au revoir à Budapest !’ Then
the scheduled train departed. Following the crossing of the Old Sava Bridge and, with
it, the imperial border, Geisl was called to the telephone at Zemun station. It was Tisza,
who asked him : ‘Did this have to happen ?’ Giesl responded in the affirmative.
The soldiers of the Zemun garrison had taken up positions along the banks of the
Sava River. Aside from this, however, there were of course no other visible develop-
ments, as the Austro-Hungarian mobilisation began only three days later. During the
remainder of the journey, the train containing Giesl was greeted at every station by
cheering people. At three in the morning, the envoy was led from the train in Subotica
(Szabadka), in order for him to hear an excited address. In Budapest he met with Tisza.
The journey continued via Győr (Raab) to Vienna. Everywhere there was cheering and
relief. On the 26th Giesl reported to the foreign minister and on the 27th to the Em-
peror in Bad Ischl. As Giesl palliatively wrote, the Emperor supposedly then said : ‘You
could not have acted any differently […] I must now accept the consequences.’ Re-
turning to Vienna, Giesl reported to Archduke Friedrich, designated Commander of
the Balkan Armed Forces. Here he was given his new assignment : the Baron had been
chosen as the representative of the Foreign Ministry attached to the High Command.
Giesl’s portrayal of his journey through Hungary as far as Vienna on the night of
25/26 July and in the hours that followed reveals only a tiny segment of what really
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Title
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Subtitle
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Author
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Publisher
- Böhlau Verlag
- Location
- Wien
- Date
- 2014
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 1192
- Categories
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Table of contents
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155