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4 Gregor Schöllgen, Flucht in den Krieg ? Die Außenpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland (Darmstadt,
1991).
5 McMeekin, The Russian Origins, loc. cit.
6 The term used above all by Kurt Riezler, confidante of the German Imperial Chancellor Bethmann
Hollweg ; the term used is included, for example, in the essay by Gerhard Ritter, Riezlers Theorie des
kalkulierten Risikos und Bethmann Hollwegs politische Konzeption in der Julikrise 1914, in : Erster
Weltkrieg. Ursachen, here 244.
7 The bonmot ascribed to Kaiser Franz Joseph’s Adjutant General, Count Paar, in Johann Christoph All-
mayer-Beck, Marksteine der Moderne. Österreichs Beitrag zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte des 20.
Jahrhunderts (Vienna/Munich/Zürich/New York, 1980), 23.
8 Elisabeth Grossegger, Der Kaiser-Huldigungs-Festzug Wien 1908 (Vienna, 1992), 7.
9 Hans Wilczek erzählt seinen Enkeln. Erinnerungen aus seinem Leben, edited by Elisabeth Kinsky-Wil-
czek (Graz, 1933), 445 and Grossegger, Kaiser-Huldigungs-Festzug, 201.
10 The source basis for studies on the foreign policy of the Monarchy before the war are the nine volumes of
the series edited by Ludwig Bittner : Österreich-Ungarns Außenpolitik von der bosnischen Krise 1908
bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 (=Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Neuere Geschichte Österreichs,
Vienna/Leipzig, 1930).
11 See also : Das Ende von Großreichen, edited by Helmut Altrichter, Helmut Neuhaus (=
Erlanger Studien
zur Geschichte der Neuzeit 1, Erlangen/Jena 1996).
12 An extensive study of Austro-Hungarian foreign policy before the war, which is a work based on excellent
source knowledge, is : Samuel R. Williamson, Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War
(London, 1991). Here also esp. the secondary English language literature.
13 Aside from the not yet completed biography by Solomon Wank, esp. Francis Roy Bridge, Aehrenthal,
Izvolsky, Grey and the Annexation of Bosnia, in : Brennpunkt Mitteleuropa. Festschrift für Helmut
Rumpler, edited by Ulfried Burz (Klagenfurt, 2000), 413–430, and Solomon Wank, The Archduke and
Aehrenthal : The Origins of a Hatred, in : Austrian History Yearbook 33 (Minneapolis, 2002), 77–104.
14 Arthur J. May, The Passing of the Habsburg Monarchy 1914–1918, Vol. 1 (Philadelphia, 1966), 52. Also
quoted in Daniela Schanes, Serbien im Ersten Weltkrieg. Feind- und Kriegsdarstellungen in österre-
ichisch-ungarischen, deutschen und serbischen Selbstzeugnissen (= Neue Forschungen zur Ostmittel-
und osteuropäischen Geschichte, edited by Harald Heppner and UlrikeTischler-Hofer, Vol. 3 (Frankfurt
am Main/Berlin/Bern et al. 2011), 72.
15 See Heinrich Friedjung, Das Zeitalter des Imperialismus 1884–1914, Vol. 2 (Berlin, 1922), 215–236.
16 Hans Uebersberger, Österreich zwischen Russland und Serbien. Zur südslawischen Frage und der Ent-
stehung des Ersten Weltkrieges (Cologne/Graz, 1958), 20 et seq. The corresponding documents in : Ös-
terreich-Ungarns Außenpolitik Vol. I, esp. nos. 40–79.
17 Graydon A.Tunstall, Planning for War against Russia and Serbia. Austro-Hungarian and German Mil-
itary Strategies, 1871–1914 (= War and Society in East Central Europe, vol. XXXI, Boulder/New York,
1993), 63.
18 Re. Bertha von Suttner, the biographies by Beatrix Kempf, Bertha von Suttner (Wien 1964) and Brigitte
Hamann, Bertha von Suttner (Munich, 1986). A comprehensive study of the Austrian peace movement be-
fore the First World War : Überlegungen zum Frieden, edited by Manfried Rauchensteiner (Vienna, 1987).
19 Österreich-Ungarns Außenpolitik Vol. III, No. 2567. See also Uebersberger, Österreich, 65.
20 John Leslie, Österreich-Ungarn vor dem Kriegsausbruch. Der Ballhausplatz in Wien im Juli 1914 aus
der Sicht eines österreichisch-ungarischen Diplomaten, in : Deutschland und Europa in der Neuzeit
(= commemorative publication for Karl-Otmar Frh. v. Aretin, Stuttgart, 1988), 663. Here also the most
important secondary literature.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Title
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Subtitle
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Author
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Publisher
- Böhlau Verlag
- Location
- Wien
- Date
- 2014
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 1192
- Categories
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Table of contents
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155