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The End of the Euphoria 1051
Wehrmacht (= Rechtshistorische Reihe, Vol. 58, Frankfurt am Main, n.d.), 32.
644 Benedikt, Damals im alten Österreich, 277 and 303.
645 Führ, Das k. u. k. Armeeoberkommando, 27.
646 Ibid., 30.
647 Ibid., 32.
648 Valiani, The End, 80.
649 Synodal Archives Budapest, Nachlass Tisza, Box 10, presentation to the Army High Command op.
2078, 26.11.1914.
650 However, figures are at best approximate values. On the military judiciary, see also the corresponding
sections in Chapter 30. On this subject, see also Hans Hautmann, Todesurteile in der Endphase der
Habsburgermonarchie und im Ersten Weltkrieg, in : Mit dem Tode bestraft. Historische und rechtspoli-
tische Aspekte zur Todesstrafe in Österreich im 20. Jahrhundert und der Kampf um die weltweite
Abschaffung, edited by Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider, Heimo Halbrainer, Elisabeth Ebner (= Veröffentli-
chungen der Forschungsstelle Nachkriegsjustiz, Vol. 2, Graz, 2008), 15–38. In 1918, figures were already
circulating of 11,400 gallows, then 30,000 hanged and executed. In 1916, while he was in exile, Thomáš
Masaryk named a figure of 80,000 executed. At this moment, when the dead were being used for
propaganda purposes, the numbers rocketed. It is unlikely that precise figures will ever be determined,
although assumptions, or even the use of picture material in which the same group of hanged bodies has
been photographed from different perspectives, also contribute nothing towards clarifying the matter
and remain classified as a mixture of shock, sensationalism and agitation. However, the fact that many –
far too many – people were executed without reason is beyond doubt.
651 Quotes in Rudolf Jeřábek, Die Brussilowoffensive 1916. Ein Wendepunkt der Koalitionskriegführung
der Mittelmächte, doctoral thesis, University of Vienna, 2 vols., 1982, 26 et seq.
652 KA, Marterer Tagebuch, Nos. 2, 8 and 12.12.1914.
653 Zeynek, Ein Offizier im Generalstabskorps, 202.
654 On the plans for division see also Chapter 8 : The First Winter of the War.
655 See also Wolfdieter Bihl, Die Beziehungen zwischen Österreich-Ungarn und dem Osmanischen Reich
im Ersten Weltkrieg, in : Österreichische Osthefte 1 (Vienna, 1982), 33–52, here 35.
656 Mark Cornwall, The Undermining of Austria-Hungary. The Battle for Hearts and Minds (New York/
London, 2000), 41.
657 See also Jürgen Angelow, Der Erste Weltkrieg auf dem Balkan. Neue Fragestellungen und Erklärungen,
in : Durchhalten ! Krieg und Gesellschaft im Vergleich 1914–1918, edited by Arnd Bauerkämper and
Elise Julien (Göttingen, 2010), 178–194, here 179.
658 KA, MKSM Sonderreihe, Box 91, 26 Res., 2.9.1914.
659 KA, MKSM Sonderreihe, Box 91, 43 Res., 17.9.1914.
660 Panesch, Das Kriegstagebuch, 66.
661 Charles E. J. Fryer, The Royal Navy on the Danube (= East European Monographs, Vol. 232, Boulder/
New York, 1988), 20 et seq.
662 Jeřábek, Potiorek, 170.
663 Mitrović, Serbia’s Great War, 70.
664 KA, Tagebuch Zanantoni, 300.
665 Wild von Hohenborn, Briefe und Tagebuchaufzeichnungen, 39. Letter dated 25.11.1914.
666 Schanes, Serbien im Ersten Weltkrieg, 162.
667 The verbatim quotes in Peball, Der Feldzug gegen Serbien und Montenegro, 28 ; others in Jeřábek, Po-
tiorek, esp. 173–181.
668 Jeřábek, Potiorek, 170.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR
and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Title
- THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Subtitle
- and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914 – 1918
- Author
- Manfried Rauchensteiner
- Publisher
- Böhlau Verlag
- Location
- Wien
- Date
- 2014
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-3-205-79588-9
- Size
- 17.0 x 24.0 cm
- Pages
- 1192
- Categories
- Geschichte Vor 1918
Table of contents
- 1 On the Eve 11
- 2 Two Million Men for the War 49
- 3 Bloody Sundays 81
- 4 Unleashing the War 117
- 5 ‘Thank God, this is the Great War!’ 157
- 6 Adjusting to a Longer War 197
- 7 The End of the Euphoria 239
- 8 The First Winter of the War 283
- 9 Under Surveillance 317
- 10 ‘The King of Italy has declared war on Me’ 355
- 11 The Third Front 383
- 12 Factory War and Domestic Front, 1915 413
- 13 Summer Battle and ‘Autumn Swine’ 441
- 14 War Aims and Central Europe 469
- 15 South Tyrol : The End of an Illusion (I) 497
- 16 Lutsk :The End of an Illusion (II) 521
- 17 How is a War Financed ? 555
- 18 The Nameless 583
- 19 The Death of the Old Emperor 607
- 20 Emperor Karl 641
- 21 The Writing on the Wall 657
- 22 The Consequences of the Russian February Revolution 691
- 23 Summer 1917 713
- 24 Kerensky Offensive and Peace Efforts 743
- 25 The Pyrrhic Victory : The Breakthrough Battle of Flitsch-Tolmein 769
- 26 Camps 803
- 27 Peace Feelers in the Shadow of Brest-Litovsk 845
- 28 The Inner Front 869
- 29 The June Battle in Veneto 895
- 30 An Empire Resigns 927
- 31 The Twilight Empire 955
- 32 The War becomes History 983
- Epilogue 1011
- Afterword 1013
- Acknowledgements and Dedication 1019
- Notes 1023
- Selected Printed Sources and Literature 1115
- Index of People and Places 1155