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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) - And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
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Acknowledgments This book owes its existence to the forms of academic sociability characteristic of the twenty-first-century Republic of Letters. The two authors became aware of each other’s work via internet searches. They then further explored mutual interests by email. They first met in person at a conference in Barcelona in 2010, and then at a dissertatio viva in Tromsø, Norway, in May 2012 (in the roles of author and reviewer, respectively). Their comradeship was sealed during a trip, in the footsteps of their hero and the protagonist of this book, to the Is- land of Vardø for the observation of the 2012 transit of Venus. The idea of a jointly written book is yet more recent. Apart from our indebtedness to one another, we have accumulated a huge debt of gratitude to many institutions and individuals. First among the former are UiT The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø and Central European Uni- versity in Budapest, not only as congenial environments to nurture, discuss, and mature the ideas contained in these pages but as sources of generous support for our research, and even the preparation of the manuscript for pub- lication. Special mention must be made of many libraries and archives, in par- ticular the kindness and expertise of librarians and archivists, who have supported our work across Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia, France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Italy. During the advanced stages of writing, László held a Senior Fellow- ship at the Lichtenberg Kolleg at Georg August University (Göttingen), a Fer- nand Braudel Fellowship at the European University Institute (Florence), and a Leverhulme Visiting Professorship at the University of Cambridge, which secured ideal conditions for concentrating on this project. Per Pippin has, for his part, benefited from liberal working conditions at the University Library of Tromsø, with grants from the EU COST Action “Reassembling the European Republic of Letters” led by Howard Hotson (Oxford) facilitating the occasional research trip to archives or conferences. His doctoral thesis, upon which parts of this book are modulated, was originally sponsored by the Research Council of Norway, with additional grants from the Nordic Sámi Institute (Kautokeino/ Guovdageaidnu) and Tromsø Geophysical Observatory. Colleagues from whom we drew a great deal of encouragement, inspiration, support, and advice during various stages of working on this project include Hans Erich Bödeker, Wendy Bracewell, Stéphane van Damme, Emese Egyed, Robert Evans, István Fazekas, Maria Firneis, András Forgó, Martin van Gel- deren, Dezső Gurka, Rune Blix Hagen, Truls Lynne Hansen, Dominik Huenni- ger, Catherine Jami, Zsófia Kádár, Eva Kowalska, Anthony LaVopa, Antal
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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Title
Maximilian Hell (1720–92)
Subtitle
And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Authors
Per Pippin Aspaas
László Kontler
Publisher
Brill
Location
Leiden
Date
2020
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-90-04-41683-3
Size
15.5 x 24.1 cm
Pages
492
Categories
Naturwissenschaften Physik

Table of contents

  1. Acknowledgments VII
  2. List of Illustrations IX
  3. Bibliographic Abbreviations X
  4. Introduction 1
    1. 1 Enlightenment(s) 7
    2. 2 Catholic Enlightenment—Enlightenment Catholicism 11
    3. 3 The Society of Jesus and Jesuit Science 17
    4. 4 What’s in a Life? 26
  5. 1 Shafts and Stars, Crafts and Sciences: The Making of a Jesuit Astronomer in the Habsburg Provinces 37
    1. 1 A Regional Life World 37
    2. 2 Turbulent Times and an Immigrant Family around the Mines 44
    3. 3 Apprenticeship 53
    4. 4 Professor on the Frontier 76
  6. 2 Metropolitan Lures: Enlightened and Jesuit Networks, and a New Node of Science 91
    1. 1 An Agenda for Astronomic Advance 91
    2. 2 Science in the City and in the World: Hell and the respublica astronomica 106
  7. 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame 134
    1. 1 A Golden Opportunity 134
    2. 2 An Imperial Astronomer’s Network Displayed 144
    3. 3 Lessons Learned 155
    4. 4 “Quonam autem fructu?” Taking Stock 166
  8. 4 The North Beckons: “A desperate voyage by desperate persons” 172
    1. 1 Scandinavian Self-Assertions 174
    2. 2 The Invitation from Copenhagen: Providence and Rhetoric 185
    3. 3 From Vienna to Vardø 195
  9. 5 He Came, He Saw, He Conquered? The Expeditio litteraria ad Polum Arcticum 209
    1. 1 A Journey Finished and Yet Unfinished 210
    2. 2 Enigmas of the Northern Sky and Earth 220
    3. 3 On Hungarians and Laplanders 230
    4. 4 Authority Crumbling 256
  10. 6 “Tahiti and Vardø will be the two columns […]”: Observing Venus andDebating the Parallax 258
    1. 1 Mission Accomplished 260
    2. 2 Accomplishment Contested 269
    3. 3 A Peculiar Nachleben 298
  11. 7 Disruption of Old Structures 305
    1. 1 Habsburg Centralization and the De-centering of Hell 306
    2. 2 Critical Publics: Vienna, Hungary 315
    3. 3 Ex-Jesuit Astronomy: Institutions and Trajectories 330
  12. 8 Coping with Enlightenments 344
    1. 1 Viennese Struggles 344
    2. 2 Redefining the Center 366
    3. Conclusion: Borders and Crossings 388
  13. Appendix 1 Map of the Austrian Province of the Society of Jesus (with Glossary of Geographic Names) 394
  14. Appendix 2 Instruction for the Imperial and Royal Astronomer Maximilian Hell, S.J 398
  15. Bibliography 400
  16. Index 459
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