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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) - And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
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Chapter 2132 in Graz. Given that this was just about the time when Hell began his own ap- prenticeship with Father Franz, the complaint is a strange one, but it also sheds light on the scarcity of available expertise on which the quickly developed as- tronomical infrastructure of the Austrian province in the 1740s and 1750s had to rely: Mayr’s lack of training could not have been a secret, but he still got the job. (As we have seen, Fixlmillner on the Benedictine side could be a parallel case—with the difference that Mayr abandoned the field just a few years later.) The gap between the task and his skills seems to have caused him considerable frustration, for he continued: If only I had been given access to the observatory, either when I followed lectures in theology here in Graz, or when I taught poetry and rhetoric in Vienna! Liesganig, whom I asked quite often [for permission to visit the observatory], always found various pretexts to elude my effort, and in this he followed the example of his patron [presumably, Franz]. Mayr further explained that he wanted to send Hell some occultations, but he had been hesitant because of the unreliability of his observatory’s equip- ment—for which, naturally, his predecessor was to blame: The observatory is laboring under its own weight, it was constructed to display the looks of an astronomical tower only (in this and the last year it was saved from total ruin to great expense for the collegium), and its instruments were constructed according to the ideas of the instrument- makers without ever being subjected to professional scrutiny.119 […] The very builder of this device, Halloy,120 who at least on his own accord should have been interested to help, I have asked humbly for assistance many times, but each time he ran off and even caused serious trouble. Eventually, Mayr still decided to send two observations, however deficient they might be, and avowed to being anxious to finally master the field while feeling compelled to abandon it: I do not hate mathematics, as I am fully aware that this discipline ranks highest among the sciences. Astronomy ought to have been a pleasure to me, but I would have liked to have such helpers that were willing to serve the public good by sharing their advice. Indeed, I would be happy to learn 119 Cf. the sceptical assessments of the performance of the observatory above, 68. 120 Peter Halloy (1707–89), director of the Graz observatory in 1753–55.
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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Title
Maximilian Hell (1720–92)
Subtitle
And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Authors
Per Pippin Aspaas
László Kontler
Publisher
Brill
Location
Leiden
Date
2020
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-90-04-41683-3
Size
15.5 x 24.1 cm
Pages
492
Categories
Naturwissenschaften Physik

Table of contents

  1. Acknowledgments VII
  2. List of Illustrations IX
  3. Bibliographic Abbreviations X
  4. Introduction 1
    1. 1 Enlightenment(s) 7
    2. 2 Catholic Enlightenment—Enlightenment Catholicism 11
    3. 3 The Society of Jesus and Jesuit Science 17
    4. 4 What’s in a Life? 26
  5. 1 Shafts and Stars, Crafts and Sciences: The Making of a Jesuit Astronomer in the Habsburg Provinces 37
    1. 1 A Regional Life World 37
    2. 2 Turbulent Times and an Immigrant Family around the Mines 44
    3. 3 Apprenticeship 53
    4. 4 Professor on the Frontier 76
  6. 2 Metropolitan Lures: Enlightened and Jesuit Networks, and a New Node of Science 91
    1. 1 An Agenda for Astronomic Advance 91
    2. 2 Science in the City and in the World: Hell and the respublica astronomica 106
  7. 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame 134
    1. 1 A Golden Opportunity 134
    2. 2 An Imperial Astronomer’s Network Displayed 144
    3. 3 Lessons Learned 155
    4. 4 “Quonam autem fructu?” Taking Stock 166
  8. 4 The North Beckons: “A desperate voyage by desperate persons” 172
    1. 1 Scandinavian Self-Assertions 174
    2. 2 The Invitation from Copenhagen: Providence and Rhetoric 185
    3. 3 From Vienna to Vardø 195
  9. 5 He Came, He Saw, He Conquered? The Expeditio litteraria ad Polum Arcticum 209
    1. 1 A Journey Finished and Yet Unfinished 210
    2. 2 Enigmas of the Northern Sky and Earth 220
    3. 3 On Hungarians and Laplanders 230
    4. 4 Authority Crumbling 256
  10. 6 “Tahiti and Vardø will be the two columns […]”: Observing Venus andDebating the Parallax 258
    1. 1 Mission Accomplished 260
    2. 2 Accomplishment Contested 269
    3. 3 A Peculiar Nachleben 298
  11. 7 Disruption of Old Structures 305
    1. 1 Habsburg Centralization and the De-centering of Hell 306
    2. 2 Critical Publics: Vienna, Hungary 315
    3. 3 Ex-Jesuit Astronomy: Institutions and Trajectories 330
  12. 8 Coping with Enlightenments 344
    1. 1 Viennese Struggles 344
    2. 2 Redefining the Center 366
    3. Conclusion: Borders and Crossings 388
  13. Appendix 1 Map of the Austrian Province of the Society of Jesus (with Glossary of Geographic Names) 394
  14. Appendix 2 Instruction for the Imperial and Royal Astronomer Maximilian Hell, S.J 398
  15. Bibliography 400
  16. Index 459
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