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author hastens to add in a Buffonian fashion that “all the different nations
most probably descend from the same stock, as all nations mingle with one
another, they procreate, and some of their offspring resembles the one, and
others, the other nation.”113 The continued adherence of the Sámi to “pagan
darkness”114 and their primitive mode of subsistence and “beastly existence”115
is another persistent feature of their representation in these works. Some au-
thors elaborate on this by emphasizing the complete lack of agriculture and
any other domestic animals than reindeer (which they utilize to full extent,
including the drinking of their blood),116 their simple domiciles, and the domi-
nant role of fishing and hunting.117 There are some important qualifications,
too. One author asserts that while the Sámi are very ignorant and live among
primitive conditions, “they are not as miserable as some people think,” because
they are “nevertheless satisfied with their lot, and live peacefully with one
another.”118 Elsewhere we learn that “they are regarded as ignorant, but an Eng-
lish traveler says: human love and affection is taught to polished nations; but in
Lapponia, it is also exercised”119—resembling, though on somewhat different
grounds, Linnaeus’s judgment of the Sámi as noble savages who may have
something to teach civilized nations.120
113 [György Fejér], Anthropologia vagy is az embe’r esmértetése (Buda: Királyi Magyar Univer-
sitás, 1807), 152–53. For a similar analysis, see [Mihály Katona], Közönséges természeti
Föld leirás (Pest: Trattner, 1824), 452.
114 István Vetsei P[ataki], Magyar Geografiája: Az Az; Ez egész világ négy részeinek, ugymint
Europának, Asiának, Afrikának és Amerikának;’s bennek levő sokféle országok nemzetségek;
azok eredetek, természetek, ’s nevezetesebb szokásainak, vallásainak, imperátorinak, királyi
nak, s több egyéb elmét vidámito hasznos dolgainak méltó és rövid le irása […] (Carei:
Károlyi Ferentz Typographiája, 1757), 225.
115 Bertalanffi, Világnak Két rendbéli ismerete, 649.
116 [Georg Christian Raff], Természethistoria a’ gyermekeknek (Veszprém: Számmer Mihály,
1799), 537–38. On the reception of Raff’s work in Hungary, see Ildikó Sz. Kristóf, “The Uses
of Natural History: Georg C. Raff’s Naturgeschichte für Kinder (1778) in Its Multiple Trans-
lations and Multiple Receptions,” in Le livre demeure: Studies in Book History in Honour of
Alison Saunders, ed. Alison Adams, Philip Ford, and Stephen Rawles (Geneva: Droz, 2011),
309–33.
117 György Raff, Geografiája a’ gyengébbek elméjekhez alkalmaztatott, és magyarúl ki
adattatott (Vác: Ambro Ferenc, 1791), 144.
118 Raff, Geografiája a’ gyengébbek elméjekhez alkalmaztatott, 144. It is noteworthy that Raff’s
work usually refrains from presenting lifestyles (the other two exceptions being the Mus-
covites and the Poles).
119 [János Ferenczy], Közönséges geographia, mellyben a’ Földnek mathematikai, természeti, és
leg inkább politikai állapotja a’ leg ujabb változások után elő adatik (Pest: Eggenberger
József, 1809), 153.
120 Koerner, Linnaeus, 56–81.
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book Maximilian Hell (1720–92) - And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe"
Maximilian Hell (1720–92)
And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
- Title
- Maximilian Hell (1720–92)
- Subtitle
- And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
- Authors
- Per Pippin Aspaas
- László Kontler
- Publisher
- Brill
- Location
- Leiden
- Date
- 2020
- Language
- English
- License
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-90-04-41683-3
- Size
- 15.5 x 24.1 cm
- Pages
- 492
- Categories
- Naturwissenschaften Physik
Table of contents
- Acknowledgments VII
- List of Illustrations IX
- Bibliographic Abbreviations X
- Introduction 1
- 1 Shafts and Stars, Crafts and Sciences: The Making of a Jesuit Astronomer in the Habsburg Provinces 37
- 2 Metropolitan Lures: Enlightened and Jesuit Networks, and a New Node of Science 91
- 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame 134
- 4 The North Beckons: “A desperate voyage by desperate persons” 172
- 5 He Came, He Saw, He Conquered? The Expeditio litteraria ad Polum Arcticum 209
- 6 “Tahiti and Vardø will be the two columns […]”: Observing Venus andDebating the Parallax 258
- 7 Disruption of Old Structures 305
- 8 Coping with Enlightenments 344
- Appendix 1 Map of the Austrian Province of the Society of Jesus (with Glossary of Geographic Names) 394
- Appendix 2 Instruction for the Imperial and Royal Astronomer Maximilian Hell, S.J 398
- Bibliography 400
- Index 459