Seite - 269 - in Jacopo Strada and Cultural Patronage at the Imperial Court - The Antique as Innovation, Band 1

269Imperial Architect: Background 33 Schönherr 1876; Lietzmann 1987, pp. 29–31; Chmel 1840–1841, 2, pp. 276–292. On Hvězda, see now Simons 2009, passim. 34 Lippmann 2001, p. 113: ‘Als Architekturdilettant wird in den antiken Quellen allein Kaiser Hadrian genannt, auch wenn es schwierig ist, die Kriterien für Architekturdilettantismus genau zu definieren, denn die Auftraggeber haben meistens ihre Bauprojekte mitbestim- mt. Meines Erachtens ist dann eine wichtige Voraussetzung gegeben, einen Auftraggeber als ‘Architekturdilettanten’ zu bezeichnen, wenn er zeichnen kann—selbst dann, wenn diese Fähigkeit unvollkommen ausgebildet ist’. It will be obvious to the reader that the present paragraph owes much to this very stimulating and informative article. Other re- cent literature on dilettante architecture in the papers of the congress Il principe architet- to at Mantua, 1999 [Il principe architetto 2002]. Architekt’, a fascinating evaluation of dilettante architects among the Ger- man princes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Wolfgang Lippmann pointed out that it is difficult to define when exactly we can speak of dilettante or amateur architecture, because the patron in any case would have had an important role in determining the appearance of the architectural projects he undertook. He quite reasonably decided to consider a patron as a dilettante architect whenever he is capable to express his ideas in drawings or sketches, even when such competence is only marginally developed.34 That such a pa- tron, for lack of time and professional competences, would not actually have prepared the actual working drawings used to realize his project, is not suffi- cient reason not to credit him with its concept, its invention. A set of epigrams in German and in Latin which appears to have been in- tended for a stone commemorating its construction, unequivocally attributes the design of Hvězda to the Archduke: Figures 5.22–5.24 Anonymous Italian draughtsman, three of five drawings documenting the design of Hvězda at Prague, after a concept of Archduke Ferdinand  ii of Tirol: plans of basement and ground floor, and section; Vienna, Österreichische Nationabibliothek, Cod. min. 108.