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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) - And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
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viii Acknowledgments Molnár, István Németh, Krisztina Oláh, András Oross, the late Thomas Posch, William O’Reilly, Antonella Romano, Simon Schaffer, Silvia Sebastiani, Ann Thomson, Zsuzsanna Borbála Török, Nils Voje Johansen, and Richard What- more. The manuscript has been read and helpfully commented on, in whole or in part, by Gábor Almási, Piroska Balogh, Daniel Margocsy, Andreas Klein, Katalin Szende, Zsuzsa C. Vladár, Thomas Wallnig, and the two anonymous reviewers commissioned by the publisher. Katalin Pataki expertly produced the maps of Hell’s networks, and Tim Page polished our English prose and un- dertook the unpleasant chore of putting together the bibliography. We are tre- mendously grateful to them all, while all remaining shortcomings are naturally our sole responsibility. Both of us have published several articles and book chapters in which topics of this volume figure prominently. These are referred to in the notes and the bibliography. We are grateful to the publishers of these works for the opportu- nity of piloting our research and our ideas. However, each of these studies has been very substantially reworked, and the material discussed in them has been rearranged, so that textual overlap is minimal, and this book is an independent and original publication. In keeping with the conventions of the publisher, all quotations from lan- guages other than English have been translated, usually without mention or spelling out of the original wordings. Unless otherwise noted, the translations are by the authors. As always, a final word of thanks must go to our families and friends, who stood by with patience and understanding, even empathy for our infatuation with a grumpy and conceited character whose ideas and ideals belong to a world other than ours. We can only hope to be ever able to reciprocate. On the 250th anniversary of our protagonist’s observation of the transit of Venus between the Sun and the Earth, Per Pippin Aspaas and László Kontler Tromsø and Budapest June 3, 2019
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Maximilian Hell (1720–92) And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Title
Maximilian Hell (1720–92)
Subtitle
And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Authors
Per Pippin Aspaas
László Kontler
Publisher
Brill
Location
Leiden
Date
2020
Language
English
License
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-90-04-41683-3
Size
15.5 x 24.1 cm
Pages
492
Categories
Naturwissenschaften Physik

Table of contents

  1. Acknowledgments VII
  2. List of Illustrations IX
  3. Bibliographic Abbreviations X
  4. Introduction 1
    1. 1 Enlightenment(s) 7
    2. 2 Catholic Enlightenment—Enlightenment Catholicism 11
    3. 3 The Society of Jesus and Jesuit Science 17
    4. 4 What’s in a Life? 26
  5. 1 Shafts and Stars, Crafts and Sciences: The Making of a Jesuit Astronomer in the Habsburg Provinces 37
    1. 1 A Regional Life World 37
    2. 2 Turbulent Times and an Immigrant Family around the Mines 44
    3. 3 Apprenticeship 53
    4. 4 Professor on the Frontier 76
  6. 2 Metropolitan Lures: Enlightened and Jesuit Networks, and a New Node of Science 91
    1. 1 An Agenda for Astronomic Advance 91
    2. 2 Science in the City and in the World: Hell and the respublica astronomica 106
  7. 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame 134
    1. 1 A Golden Opportunity 134
    2. 2 An Imperial Astronomer’s Network Displayed 144
    3. 3 Lessons Learned 155
    4. 4 “Quonam autem fructu?” Taking Stock 166
  8. 4 The North Beckons: “A desperate voyage by desperate persons” 172
    1. 1 Scandinavian Self-Assertions 174
    2. 2 The Invitation from Copenhagen: Providence and Rhetoric 185
    3. 3 From Vienna to Vardø 195
  9. 5 He Came, He Saw, He Conquered? The Expeditio litteraria ad Polum Arcticum 209
    1. 1 A Journey Finished and Yet Unfinished 210
    2. 2 Enigmas of the Northern Sky and Earth 220
    3. 3 On Hungarians and Laplanders 230
    4. 4 Authority Crumbling 256
  10. 6 “Tahiti and Vardø will be the two columns […]”: Observing Venus andDebating the Parallax 258
    1. 1 Mission Accomplished 260
    2. 2 Accomplishment Contested 269
    3. 3 A Peculiar Nachleben 298
  11. 7 Disruption of Old Structures 305
    1. 1 Habsburg Centralization and the De-centering of Hell 306
    2. 2 Critical Publics: Vienna, Hungary 315
    3. 3 Ex-Jesuit Astronomy: Institutions and Trajectories 330
  12. 8 Coping with Enlightenments 344
    1. 1 Viennese Struggles 344
    2. 2 Redefining the Center 366
    3. Conclusion: Borders and Crossings 388
  13. Appendix 1 Map of the Austrian Province of the Society of Jesus (with Glossary of Geographic Names) 394
  14. Appendix 2 Instruction for the Imperial and Royal Astronomer Maximilian Hell, S.J 398
  15. Bibliography 400
  16. Index 459
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