Herrenhaus#
Herrenhaus: The upper chamber in the former Austrian Reichsrat existed from 1861 to 1918; it consisted of 4 categories of members: 1) appointed archdukes; 2) archbishops and bishops of noble rank; 3) members of those noble families who were granted hereditary Reichsrat membership by the emperor; 4) Austrian citizens appointed for life by the emperor for services to the state and church, science and art.
Literature#
G. Stourzh, Die Entwicklung der ersten Kammer in der oesterreichischen Verfassung unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Zeit von 1848-61, doctoral thesis, Vienna 1951.