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Charge Transport in DNA - Insights from Simulations
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6.3ChargeTransportCalculations The increase of transmission inDry1 systems canbe explained in termsof theCT parameters. The EC increase for all Dry1 and some of the Dry2 systems, while other characteristics like the fluctuations of the IP remain the same. Starting at the microhydration level Dry2, the structural disorder makes the calculations of transmission impracticable. TheLandauer–Büttiker calculationsasperformed in thisworkwereused toobtain a simple indicator of the molecular conductivity. Basically, the calculated trans- missions represent a measure of structural and dynamical disorder of the linear conducting chain, assuming coherent transport. This assumes thatCToccurs in a single-step fashion, i.e. a hopping picture of transport is excluded. The fact that this approximation does not capture the CT in DNA fully and that the time or- der of conformations (the true time dependence of CT parameters) does play a role, has been shown recently by using the time series of CT parameters as de- scribed above.[128] Still, even this improved description neglects the polarization of environment, its response toCTand the effect onCTenergetics. Therefore, the Landauer transmissions described above aswell as the improved time-dependent treatment in Ref. 128 are both merely indicative. A hopping picture would also have to involve on a more systematic footing the effect of environmental polar- ization,which canbequantifiedbymeansof (outer-sphere) reorganization energy (RE), oneof the crucial parameters inMarcus’ theoryof electron transfer (see also chapter 2.6.1).[71, 85] RE is the energy required to transform the structure of the donorandacceptormoleculesaswell asof theenvironment fromthat correspond- ing to the initial charge state α to that of the final state β (after the transfer has taken place). The RE of the solvent represents themajor contribution to the acti- vation energy for CT and is a decisive factor determining the efficiency of CT in systems immersed inapolarizablemedium;aqueoussolution isa typical example. Detailed information onhow to calculate theREofDNAwithMDsimulations is given in the lastpart of chapter2.6.1 The values of RE for the fully hydrated system are in accordance with previous works.Withthedescribedapproachtheλs forCTinDNAwerefoundtobe1.21eV for aadenine–adenineCTevent and1.41 eV for aguanine–guanineCTevent. [93] Interestingly, nearly identical valueswere obtained for theDry1 system,with the difference smaller than 0.1 eV, see Fig. 6.4. In Dry2, the spread of the obtained values is huge due to structural distortions, and so the larger RE observed for 85
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Charge Transport in DNA Insights from Simulations
Title
Charge Transport in DNA
Subtitle
Insights from Simulations
Author
Mario Wolter
Publisher
KIT Scientific Publishing
Date
2013
Language
English
License
CC BY-SA 3.0
ISBN
978-3-7315-0082-7
Size
17.0 x 24.0 cm
Pages
156
Keywords
Charge Transport, Charge Transfer, DNA, Molecular Dynamics, Quantum Mechanics
Categories
Naturwissenschaften Chemie

Table of contents

  1. Zusammenfassung 1
  2. Summary 3
  3. 1 Introduction 5
  4. 2 TheoreticalBackground 11
    1. 2.1 MolecularMechanics 11
    2. 2.2 MolecularDynamicsSimulation 13
      1. 2.2.1 Solving theEquationsofMotion 14
      2. 2.2.2 ThermodynamicEnsembles 15
    3. 2.3 QuantumChemistry 18
      1. 2.3.1 DensityFunctionalTheory 18
      2. 2.3.2 ApproximativeDFT–Density-FunctionalTight-Binding 21
    4. 2.4 DynamicsofExcessCharge inDNA 24
      1. 2.4.1 TheMulti-ScaleFramework 25
      2. 2.4.2 TheFragmentOrbitalApproach 26
    5. 2.5 ChargeTransport inDNA 29
      1. 2.5.1 Landauer–BüttikerFramework 29
    6. 2.6 ChargeTransfer inDNA 32
      1. 2.6.1 Basics ofChargeTransfer 32
      2. 2.6.2 Non-adiabaticPropagationSchemes 34
  5. 3 SimulationSetup 39
    1. 3.1 TheDNAMolecule 39
      1. 3.1.1 InvestigatedDNASequences 42
    2. 3.2 MDSimulationofDNA 44
    3. 3.3 DNAunderMechanical Stress 45
    4. 3.4 MicrohydratedDNA 46
  6. 4 DNAUnderExperimentalConditions 49
    1. 4.1 FreeMDSimulations 50
    2. 4.2 TheStructuralChangesofDNAuponStretching 51
    3. 4.3 IrreversibilityofDNAStretching inSimulations 56
    4. 4.4 Effects ofLowHydration 58
    5. 4.5 Effects ofDecreased IonContent 62
    6. 4.6 Effect ofWater and Ionson theStretchingProfileofDNA 64
    7. 4.7 Conclusion 67
  7. 5 ChargeTransport inStretchedDNA 69
    1. 5.1 InvestigatedSequences andStructures 69
    2. 5.2 ChargeTransportCalculations 71
    3. 5.3 SequenceDependentChargeTransport 73
    4. 5.4 DetailedStructuralDifferences 74
    5. 5.5 Conclusion 76
  8. 6 ChargeTransport inMicrohydratedDNA 79
    1. 6.1 InvestigatedSequences andStructures 79
    2. 6.2 ChargeTransferParameters 80
    3. 6.3 ChargeTransportCalculations 84
    4. 6.4 DirectDynamicsofChargeTransfer 86
    5. 6.5 Conclusion 87
  9. 7 AParametrizedModel toSimulateCT inDNA 89
    1. 7.1 Creating theElectronicCouplings 90
    2. 7.2 Modeling the IonizationPotentials 93
    3. 7.3 TestingwithChargeTransportCalculations 97
    4. 7.4 ChargeTransferExtensions 98
    5. 7.5 TestingwithChargeTransferMethods 102
    6. 7.6 Conclusion 103
  10. 8 Conclusion 105
  11. Appendix 111
  12. A DNAUnderExperimentalConditions 111
    1. A.1 TheStructuralChangesofDNAuponStretching 111
    2. A.2 Effect ofLowHydrationandDecreased IonContent 112
    3. A.3 StretchingofMicrohydratedDNA 116
  13. B CTinMicrohydratedDNA 117
    1. B.1 HelicalParameters -CompleteOverview 117
    2. B.2 ElectronicCouplings 118
    3. B.3 IonizationPotentials 119
    4. B.4 ESP InducedbyDifferentGroupsofAtoms 122
    5. B.5 DistanceofChargedAtomGroups fromtheHelicalAxis 123
  14. List ofPublications 137
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