Page - 51 - in Medienraum Diaspora - Verortungen zeitgenössischer iranischer Diasporafilme

52 Diaspora/Film im Wandel den nationaler Zuschreibungen im Zeitalter von vernetzten Strömen bedeutet, sondern immer auch Gegenpositionen mitdenkt: „Transnational comprises both globalization – in cinematic terms, Hollywood’s domination of world film mar- kets – and the counter-hegemonic responses of filmmakers from former colonial and Third World countries“ (1). In einem weiteren Schritt rücken Ezra und Row- den den Begriff in die Nähe zu jenen der Mobilität und Zerstreuung – beides auch Merkmale von Diaspora –, wenn sie sehr allgemein formuliert schreiben: More often than not, transnational cinema’s narrative dy- namic is generated by a sense of loss. The lingering appeal of notions of cultural authenticity and normative ideas of ,home‘ prompts filmmakers to explore the ways in which physical mobility across borders necessarily entails signifi- cant emotional conflict and psychological adjustment. [...] As a figure within cinematic productions, the image of the displaced person grounds the transnational both thematical- ly and in terms of global awareness. (7) Auch wenn Diaspora in ihrer grundlegenden Definition die Zerstreuung von Menschen über verschiedene nationale Grenzen bedeutet, so möchte ich mit den Kulturwissenschaftlerinnen Jana Braziel und Anita Mannur argumentieren, dass der Begriff nicht vorschnell mit jenem der Transnationalität gleichzusetzen ist: Transnationalism may be defined as the flow of people, ideas, goods and capital across national territories in a way that undermines nationality and nationalism as discrete cat- egories of identification, economic organization, and politi- cal constitution. We differentiate diaspora from transna- tionalism, however, in that diaspora refers specifically to the movement – forced or voluntary – of people from one or more nation states to another. [...] While diaspora may be regarded as concomitant with transnationalism, or even in some cases consequent of transnationalist forces, it may not be reduced to such macroeconomic and technological