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Cyborg Mind - What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
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Neuronal Interface Systems • 49 be sent to some form of computer that interprets the signal and triggers events or actions. For example, it enables brain information to be read and used in controlling a limb. 2. Interfacing into (input) a nervous system: this inputs information into a living neuronal network from outside, such as from a computer. For example, it enables a cochlear implant to provide sound information into the brain. 3. Interfaces made of feedback loop systems: these interpret information from a living neuronal network and sends it to an external processor, which then returns information back into the neuronal network. At this stage, it should also be emphasised that, because it is difficult to see into the future, it is impossible to predict which technologies may become relevant in the development of neuronal interfaces and the resulting associa- tion of the mind with cyberspace. Therefore, the following list of neuronal interface systems is merely a summary of what is already beginning to exist in order to present what may eventually be possible. Output Neuronal Interface Systems: Reading  the  Brain  and  Mind The brain is often said to be similar in consistency to cold porridge, with the skull offering a huge degree of protection in normal life; however, it also keeps the brain out of reach from any form of simple observation. Because of this, and as already discussed, it was only at the beginning of the nineteenth century that biologists, such as the Frenchman Jean-Pierre Flourens, began to understand that different functions could generally be ascribed to particular regions of the brain, though a finer localisation was a lot more difficult. Yet, as a result of Italian physician, physicist and philosopher Luigi Galvani’s (1737–98) discovery that nerves and muscles were electrically excit- able, Flourens and the Italian anatomist Luigi Rolando (1773–1831) were able to begin examining how parts of the brain could be electrically stimu- lated. This revealed further information about what areas corresponded to which function. The first serious mapping of the brain started in the early 1800s, with scholars such as the German neuroanatomist Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) publishing in 1805 his Lehre von den Verrichtungen des Gehirns (Lessons on the Activities of the Brain). In this, he correctly proposed that different parts of the brain generally had different functions, but incorrectly suggested that these functions could be studied by examining the exterior of a person’s skull. The concept became known as phrenology. This open access edition has been made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale.
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Cyborg Mind What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
Titel
Cyborg Mind
Untertitel
What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
Autor
Calum MacKellar
Verlag
Berghahn Books
Datum
2019
Sprache
englisch
Lizenz
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-1-78920-015-7
Abmessungen
15.2 x 22.9 cm
Seiten
264
Schlagwörter
Singularity, Transhumanism, Body modification, Bioethics
Kategorie
Technik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Chapter 1. Why Use the Term ‘Cyberneuroethics’? 9
    1. The ‘Cyber’ Prefix 9
    2. The ‘Neuro’ Prefix 15
    3. Ethics 16
    4. Neuroethics 17
    5. Cyberneuroethics 18
    6. The Terminology Being Used 19
  2. Chapter 2. Popular Understanding of Neuronal Interfaces 25
    1. Public Understanding in the Media 27
  3. Chapter 3. Presentation of the Brain–Mind Interface 31
    1. The Central Nervous System 31
    2. The Mind 37
    3. The Brain–Mind Interface 38
  4. Chapter 4. Neuronal Interface Systems 43
    1. Developments in Information Technology 44
    2. Developments in Understanding the Brain 45
    3. Developments in Neuronal Interfaces 46
    4. Procedures Involved in Neuronal Interfaces 47
    5. Output Neuronal Interface Systems: Reading the Brain and Mind 49
    6. Input Neuronal Interface Systems: Changing the Brain and Mind 57
    7. Feedback Systems of the Brain and Mind 67
    8. Ethical Issues Relating to the Technology of Neuronal Interfaces 84
  5. Chapter 5. Cyberneuroethics 99
    1. General Ethical Considerations Relating to Neuronal Interfaces 101
    2. Online Humans 106
    3. Changing Cognition 113
    4. Changing Consciousness 131
    5. Escaping Reality 135
    6. Changing Mood 140
    7. Changing Personality 142
    8. Changing Identity 144
    9. The Concept of Humanity 154
    10. Uploading a Mind 167
    11. Issues of Privacy 184
  6. Chapter 6. Neuronal Interfaces and Policy 217
    1. New Cybercrimes 218
    2. Policy Concerns 223
    3. Conclusion 229
    4. Human Autonomy 232
    5. Resistance to Such a Development 234
    6. Risks of Neuronal Interfaces 234
    7. Appendix. Scottish Council on Human Bioethics Recommendations on
    8. Cyberneuroethics 239
    9. Glossary 244
    10. Index 251
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