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Cyborg Mind - What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
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26 • Cyborg Mind as though it was, or should be, unaccompanied by feelings. If some persons seriously believe something to be wrong, then strong feelings will generally accompany that belief. Emotional reactions may be appropriate or they may be inappropriate, and to decide which ‘[w]e must spell out the message of the emotions and see what they are trying to tell us’.1 However, a spontaneous reaction can also be exploited for many dif- ferent purposes, including its ‘entertainment value’. As already noted, this already happened in modern science fiction treatments, which may then influence the general public, to varying degrees, towards their perception of new technology. But media commentators such as Adam Keiper regret that novels and films on neuronal interfaces do not always represent scientific reality. He explains that ‘public understanding of this research is shaped by sensationalis- tic and misleading coverage in the press; it is colored by decades of fantastical science fiction portrayals; and it is distorted by the utopian hopes of a small but vocal band of enthusiasts who desire to eliminate the boundaries between brains and machines’. However, Keiper also recognises that this is not something new.2 For example, many scientists may now regret the influence of English novelist Mary Shelley’s (1797–1851) classic novel Frankenstein, published in 1818, about the existential trauma of a living monster created from the body parts of the deceased. However, the Frankenstein story may still have a place in the context of debate about changes to humanity since it seeks to explore, express and represent some of the revulsion, anxieties and emotions relating to crossing biological boundaries. It also portrays the frightening prospects of what can go wrong when scientists, working in secret and without any ethical oversight, end up creating new beings that can only be considered as ‘monsters’. The basis of the emotional reaction relating to some neuronal interfaces may similarly arise from the position that different biological and electronic elements should be kept apart, since mixed entities do not fit neatly into existing categories. From this perspective, human-computer cyborgs that cannot be clearly put into a specific category are usually considered as mon- strous not merely because of their hideousness (which is merely an aesthetic expression of a lack of wholeness), but because they are seen as bringing disorder to an ordered setting. With respect to neuronal interfaces, an important distinction may also be related to the different types of interfaces used. Indeed, some may not be seen to be as threatening as others to the identity or species status of the resulting being. Interestingly, it may be the external appearance of the neuronal interfaces that creates the most aversion amongst the general public in contrast to any This open access edition has been made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale.
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Cyborg Mind What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
Titel
Cyborg Mind
Untertitel
What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
Autor
Calum MacKellar
Verlag
Berghahn Books
Datum
2019
Sprache
englisch
Lizenz
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
ISBN
978-1-78920-015-7
Abmessungen
15.2 x 22.9 cm
Seiten
264
Schlagwörter
Singularity, Transhumanism, Body modification, Bioethics
Kategorie
Technik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Chapter 1. Why Use the Term ‘Cyberneuroethics’? 9
    1. The ‘Cyber’ Prefix 9
    2. The ‘Neuro’ Prefix 15
    3. Ethics 16
    4. Neuroethics 17
    5. Cyberneuroethics 18
    6. The Terminology Being Used 19
  2. Chapter 2. Popular Understanding of Neuronal Interfaces 25
    1. Public Understanding in the Media 27
  3. Chapter 3. Presentation of the Brain–Mind Interface 31
    1. The Central Nervous System 31
    2. The Mind 37
    3. The Brain–Mind Interface 38
  4. Chapter 4. Neuronal Interface Systems 43
    1. Developments in Information Technology 44
    2. Developments in Understanding the Brain 45
    3. Developments in Neuronal Interfaces 46
    4. Procedures Involved in Neuronal Interfaces 47
    5. Output Neuronal Interface Systems: Reading the Brain and Mind 49
    6. Input Neuronal Interface Systems: Changing the Brain and Mind 57
    7. Feedback Systems of the Brain and Mind 67
    8. Ethical Issues Relating to the Technology of Neuronal Interfaces 84
  5. Chapter 5. Cyberneuroethics 99
    1. General Ethical Considerations Relating to Neuronal Interfaces 101
    2. Online Humans 106
    3. Changing Cognition 113
    4. Changing Consciousness 131
    5. Escaping Reality 135
    6. Changing Mood 140
    7. Changing Personality 142
    8. Changing Identity 144
    9. The Concept of Humanity 154
    10. Uploading a Mind 167
    11. Issues of Privacy 184
  6. Chapter 6. Neuronal Interfaces and Policy 217
    1. New Cybercrimes 218
    2. Policy Concerns 223
    3. Conclusion 229
    4. Human Autonomy 232
    5. Resistance to Such a Development 234
    6. Risks of Neuronal Interfaces 234
    7. Appendix. Scottish Council on Human Bioethics Recommendations on
    8. Cyberneuroethics 239
    9. Glossary 244
    10. Index 251
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