Seite - 197 - in Cyborg Mind - What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics

Cyberneuroethics • 197 97. Mele, Springs of Action. See also Mele, Motivation and Agency. 98. Fischer and Ravizza, Responsibility and Control; Meynen, ‘Free Will and Mental Disorder’; Lipsman and Glannon, ‘Brain, Mind and Machine’. 99. Blank, Intervention in the Brain, 260. 100. Smith, ‘Neuroscience vs Philosophy’. 101. Jotterand, ‘Moral Enhancement’, 45. 102. Singer, ‘A Determinist View of Brain, Mind and Consciousness’, 41–48. 103. Ibid. 104. Ibid. 105. Crick, The Astonishing Hypothesis, 3. 106. Miles, ‘“Irresponsible and a Disservice”’. 107. Vohs and Schooler, ‘The Value of Believing in Free Will’. 108. Libet et al., ‘Time of Conscious Intention’. 109. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity through the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations using multiple electrodes placed on the scalp 110. Soon et al., ‘Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain’. 111. For example, in a series of experiments, subjects were primed with certain stereotypes or with people associated with those stereotypes, whereby it was found that they tended to display behaviour consistent with the stereotype. Thus, subjects primed with rude- ness were later more interruptive with the experimenter, while subjects primed with the concept of the elderly when doing a simple task later walked more slowly when leaving the experiment. 112. Wegner, The Illusion of Conscious Will. 113. See, for example, Libet et al., ‘Time of Conscious Intention’; Haggard, ‘Human Volition’; Moser et al., ‘Coordination in Brain Systems’, 193–214; Soon et al., ‘Unconscious Determinants of Free Decisions in the Human Brain’. 114. Nuffield Council on Bioethics, Novel Neurotechnologies, 75. 115. Planck, Where is Science Going?, 201. 116. Cheshire, ‘The Origami Brain’. 117. Christen and Müller, ‘Effects of Brain Lesions on Moral Agency’. 118. Levy, Consciousness and Moral Responsibility. 119. Blank, Intervention in the Brain, 131. 120. Jotterand and Giordano, ‘Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation’, 476–85. 121. Persson and Savulescu, Unfit for the Future. 122. Plato, Timaeus, (360 B.C.E), translated by B. Jowett, Provided by the Internet Classics Archive, http://classics.mit.edu/. 123. Jotterand, ‘Moral Enhancement’, 44–45. 124. Ibid., 43–49. 125. DeGrazia, ‘Moral Enhancement’; Jotterand, ‘Moral Enhancement’, 44. 126. Persson and Savulescu, ‘The Perils of Cognitive Enhancement’. 127. Jotterand, ‘Moral Enhancement’, 52–53. 128. De Jong, van Keulen and Quast (eds), Van Vergeetpil tot robotpak; Academy of Medical Sciences et al. 2012. Human Enhancement and the Future of Work. 129. Goebel, ‘Beïnvloeding van hersenactiviteit met behulp van fMRI-neurofeedback en TMS’, 59–64; Denys, ‘Kansen en risico’s van diepe hersenstimulatie’, 47–51. 130. Chan and Harris, ‘Neuroethics’, 82–83. 131. De Ridder et al., ‘Moral Dysfunction and Potential Treatments’, 155–83; Shook, ‘Neuroethics and the Possible Types of Moral Enhancement’; Persson and Savulescu, Unfit for the Future. This open access edition has been made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale.