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Neuronal Interfaces and Policy • 225
– The manner in which new neuronal interfaces are used for individual
applications; because the way in which such applications may be used may
challenge social values relating to the self, privacy, discovery, justice, health
and rights, care is required when they are being considered in political
settings.
– The manner in which the combined consequences resulting from neuro-
nal interfaces may affect a population. This should, for example, examine
the way in which neuronal imaging may be used to categorise personalities
and how this could affect legal responsibility or equality of opportunity,
such as in employment.34
A whole new structure addressing cybercrimes may also become necessary,
though this will most likely be based on already-existing principles. As the
report from the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies
to the European Commission concerning the ethical aspects of information
and communication technologies implants in the human body indicated in
2005:
[T]he legal background should be derived from general principles underlying
national legislation and international instruments. Such general principles
can provide the guidance required to outline the legal standards necessary
for the regulation of a technology that modifies the body and its relationship
with the environment and thereby impacts deeply on personal identity and
life.35
These legal principles should be sourced from texts relating to the different
relevant subject matters, such as international legal instruments on bioeth-
ics, data processing, privacy, the limitations on consent and the definition of
medical devices.36
Of course, it is also important that the role of ethics in the context of
policy and regulation should not only be reactive and restrictive, by address-
ing any misuses and harmful consequences, but also proactive, while looking
to future possibilities. Ethical examination would then assist in the imple-
mentation of neuronal interfaces in society so that they can support benefi-
cial outcomes, while improving the lives and welfare of citizens.37 As Blank
concludes: ‘Brain policy, then can be permissive, affirmative, regulatory, or
prohibitive.’38
However, new regulations may still be very different depending on
whether neuronal interfaces are used in either medical or nonmedical con-
texts. Indeed, the manner in which the risks and advantages will be consid-
ered for appliances which do, or do not, have any medical purposes will be
different.39
This open access edition has been made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Knowledge Unlatched. Not for resale.
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Buch Cyborg Mind - What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics"
Cyborg Mind
What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
- Titel
- Cyborg Mind
- Untertitel
- What Brain–Computer and Mind–Cyberspace Interfaces Mean for Cyberneuroethics
- Autor
- Calum MacKellar
- Verlag
- Berghahn Books
- Datum
- 2019
- Sprache
- englisch
- Lizenz
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- ISBN
- 978-1-78920-015-7
- Abmessungen
- 15.2 x 22.9 cm
- Seiten
- 264
- Schlagwörter
- Singularity, Transhumanism, Body modification, Bioethics
- Kategorie
- Technik
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Chapter 1. Why Use the Term ‘Cyberneuroethics’? 9
- Chapter 2. Popular Understanding of Neuronal Interfaces 25
- Chapter 3. Presentation of the Brain–Mind Interface 31
- Chapter 4. Neuronal Interface Systems 43
- Developments in Information Technology 44
- Developments in Understanding the Brain 45
- Developments in Neuronal Interfaces 46
- Procedures Involved in Neuronal Interfaces 47
- Output Neuronal Interface Systems: Reading the Brain and Mind 49
- Input Neuronal Interface Systems: Changing the Brain and Mind 57
- Feedback Systems of the Brain and Mind 67
- Ethical Issues Relating to the Technology of Neuronal Interfaces 84
- Chapter 5. Cyberneuroethics 99
- Chapter 6. Neuronal Interfaces and Policy 217
- New Cybercrimes 218
- Policy Concerns 223
- Conclusion 229
- Human Autonomy 232
- Resistance to Such a Development 234
- Risks of Neuronal Interfaces 234
- Appendix. Scottish Council on Human Bioethics Recommendations on
- Cyberneuroethics 239
- Glossary 244
- Index 251