Seite - 542 - in Zwischen geistiger Erneuerung und Restauration - US-amerikanische Planungen zur Entnazifizierung und demokratischen Reorientierung und die Nachkriegsrealität österreichischer Wissenschaft 1941-1955

5. US-Reorientierungs-Planungen im Frühen Kalten Krieg 542 im Auftrag des Department of State verfasst hatte , spricht von einem grassierenden Zy- nismus in Bezug auf intellektuelle und moralische Werte innerhalb der deutschen Jugend und konstatiert des Weiteren : „At present , the collective mentality of German youth , insofar as it does not remain nationalistic , must be considered an intellectual vacuum. [ … ] Up to the present time no such systematic reorganization of the bases of German education has been attempted in the western occupation zones. Survival of traditional conservative- nationalist outlook of the German universities is apparent from reports of nationalist student manifestations which have occurred at several of these institutions [ … ] with the result that the nationalistically-minded upper and middle classes continue to form the great majority of German university students. [ … ] Moreover , the de-Nazification of the teaching staffs of the universities has not resulted in any sub- stantial alteration of their fundamental outlook. [ … ] The de-Nazification undertaken since the Nazi collapse has concentrated on the removal of members of the Nazi Party , with the result that the university faculties are now composed mainly of scholars who were not Nazis , but belonged to the old conservative camp [ … ]”.2295 [ Hervorhebung d. Verf. ] Unter den spezifischen Voraussetzungen der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit sprach das Memoran dum insbesondere allen Formen freier Erwachsenenbildung  š anders als es in der Vergangenheit der Fall gewesen sei2296  š einen zentralen Stellenwert zu : “Information on recent events is necessary not only for young people but also for adults , who have been separated from the outside world for more than ten years. Adult education , evening schools , week-end and holiday camps , may therefore be more important for shaping of public opinion than under ordinary circumstances.”2297 2295 „Notes on the Problem of American Aid to Education in Post-War Germany“. Office Memo randum , US Government from Frederick H. Burckhardt ( EAI ) to Eugene N. Anderson ( OIC ), 28. März 1946. Zit. nach : The U. S. Occupation of Germany : Educational Reform 1945š1949 , Micro film-Collection , a. a. O., 1-A-365 , 2 f. 2296 Das Urteil hinsichtlich der geringen Wirksamkeit deutscher Erwachsenenbildung in der Weimarer Zeit und davor ist als grob verzeichnet anzusehen , jedenfalls von geringer Sachkenntnis getragen : „[ … ] Ger- man adult education in the past never has had great influence ; the Volkshochschulen , especially , were usually far more leisure than educational institutions. The education provided was on the whole super- ficial , and quite frequently conformist. The more serious work was done at professional and political schools , like those connected with the trade-unions , the crafts and the political parties.“ Ebd., 12. [ Un- terstreichung im Original ] 2297 Ebd.