Page - 309 - in Wien als Festungsstadt im 16.Jahrhundert - Zum kartografischen Werk der Mailänder Familie Angielini

Zusammenfassung und Summary | 309 the five atlases, a register of Italian master fortress builders in the 16th century, a list of 15th and 16th century treatises about fortress building and a register of plans and views relevant to this study depicting Vienna from the 15th to the 18th century. Three atlases form the Angielinis’ main work  – one kept in the Austrian National Library (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Codex 8609 Han), one in the General- landesarchiv Karlsruhe and one in the Sächsisches Staatsarchiv, Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden (No. 11). They each contain one of three Vienna plans. The first atlas be- longed to Emperor Maximilian II and the second, which was brought to Karlsruhe in the 17th century, to the president of the Court War Council (Hofkriegsratspräsident). The third exemplar belonged to August, the Elector of Saxony, a friend of Maximilian II and a well-known collector and can be closely dated by its entry in the inventory of the Dresden Chamber of Art (Kunstkammer) in 1587. The two remaining atlases are different from the others and could be copies by another person : The atlas known as Dresden No. 6 has fewer pages and contains more sketches than detailed maps, while Codex 8607 Han of Vienna appears to have been produced for the Imperial court and is clearly different in style, lettering, use of colour and watermarks from the others. Ul- timately, it remains unclear which of the Angielinis was responsible for which atlas and in which way. Not all maps, ground plans and illustrations were necessarily prepared by them personally. Dating the material remains complicated. Chronological information can be gleaned from the stage of development of the places depicted and in comparison with other surviving plans and maps. Key dates framing the material are provided by the start of the Angielinis service for the Court War Council in the mid-1560s and by a cartographic rarity, a dated map of Hungary and surrounding areas on glass from 1566 dedicated to Emperor Maximilian II, which is closely related to a map by Nicolò Angielini showing the same area, while the closing period of their work is marked by the entry of the two Dresden atlases in the inventory of the Chamber of Art in Dres- den in 1587 as already mentioned. The Angielinis’ life and work and early cartographic works covering the area dealt with in the atlases are analysed in order to place the impressive œuvre associated with the name Angielini in a wider context. This applies both to Hungary and to Vienna. Vienna plans surviving from the early 15th century onwards are compared to other examples of early European cartography and thus explained against the contemporary background. After only having held off the Ottoman attacks of 1529 by good luck, the medieval town wall from around 1200 had to be substantially rebuilt. The Viennese fortification was transformed into a very early example of the so-called ›bastion system‹ (Bastionär- system), which was originally developed in Italy. The three »Angielini« maps of Vienna,